![]() Gibb’s main thesis is that the concept of “council” in Islām forms part of a secular organism that mends Islamic doctrine. Any attempt to interpret Scripture in a way that negated the validity of a given and accepted solution was by consensus, a bid‘ah, an act of “innovation” and “heresy” (Gibb 90). For example, it was only after ijmā‘ was acknowledged as a source of law and doctrine that a definitive proof of “heresy” became possible. In some cases the results of both procedures were quite similar. 1 According to Gibb, the doctrine of ijmā‘ can be viewed from the perspective of Christian orthodoxy and can be likened to the case of the council.ĭespite their external differences, a certain analogy can be made between the concept of “consensus” of the Christian Church and the Islamic concept of ijmā‘. ![]() Orientalists who follow the Christianizing interpretation of Islamic thought have attempted to present the doctrine of ijmā‘ as an accepted means of controlling “heresy” in Islām. ![]()
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